1.In the following year,a formal peace pact was signed.About a month later,Cixi left Xi'an at last.She was utterly fearful of foreigners just as she was extremely arrogant toward her own countrymen.She stopped for a long time in He'nan and halted in Baoding for quite a few days before finally arriving in Beijing.According to unofficial accounts，an amusing episode took place during this long and drawn-out journey.When a local official offered a monkey to her as a gift，she was so pleased that she ordered a yellow mandarin jacket to be conferred upon the monkey.Later,a eunuch heard some officials complaining that people were considered less worthy than a monkey and went to inform Cixi，who realized that her order had been indeed a little too whimsical.So she issued another edict granting each of the escorting officials a yellow mandarin jacket.Upon the receipt of such an unusual favor the officials did not know whether they should thank Cixi or rather the monkey for it.

1.第二年正式签署和约，随后过了一个月慈禧才终于从西安动身。她对外国人万分惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。她在河南停留了很长一段时间，到了保定又逗留多日，好不容易才回到北京。据野史记载，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟下旨给那只猴子穿黄马褂。后来太监报告说，有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧这才发现自己的决定有些荒唐，于是又下旨给随行官员每人一件黄马褂。得到这种殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。

2.Long before the emergence of the written word,ballads,accompanied by music and dance,and myths,passed around by word of mouth,were widely popular.Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions.However,ballads were what people improvised out of daily life,and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times,they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.Today,we can only deduce their existence from ancient books,which recorded some time-honored ballads,though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations.Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated.From this point of view,ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.

2.与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因此也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。

3.A donkey,heavily loaded down,panted to a horse that was lightly laden,“Can you help me carry some of my load?It is nothing for you but is a big relief for me.”

“Why should I do that for you?I am happy with my light load,” said the horse,scowlingly.Soon after,the donkey died of exhaustion.The master transferred everything from the back of the donkey onto the horse,which now deeply regretted its action.

An inflated ego blinds us to the fact that we are all living together on the same boat.The fortune of other affects our well-being.The misfortune of others does not bring us happiness.On the contrary,helping others is in fact,helping ourselves.

3.一头驮着沉重货物的驴，气喘吁吁地请求只驮了一点货物的马：“帮我驮点东西吧。对你来说，这不算什么；可对我来说，却可以减轻不少负担。”

马不高兴地回答：“你凭什么让我帮你驮东西，我乐得轻松呢。” 不久，驴累死了。主人将驴背上的所有货物全部加在马背上，马懊悔不已。

膨胀的自我使我们忽略了一个基本事实，那就是：我们同在生活这条大船上，别人的好坏与我们休戚相关。别人的不幸不能给我们带来快乐，相反，在帮助别人的时候，其实也是在帮助我们自己。

4.I am lonely when I am overtired,when I have worked too long without a break,when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up.And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip,when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot,and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.

Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty,and I wonder where myself is hiding.It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants,perhaps,and looking again at each one as though it were a person,by feeding the two cats,by cooking a meal.

4.只有在我过度劳累的时候，在我长时间不间断地工作的时候，在我感到内心空虚，需要充实的时候，我才会感到寂寞。有时，外出演讲回来，见了许多人，讲了许多话，心中满是纷乱的体验需要整理，偶尔也会觉得孤独。

于是有那么一会儿，我会感到整个房子非常大，空荡荡的。不知此时的自我又藏匿于何处。这时，我会给花草浇浇水，挨个瞅瞅，仿佛它们是活生生的人一样，或是喂喂两只小猫，亲手做顿饭菜，这样才慢慢地重新找回自我。

5.Experts say that teenagers who give birth are less likely to finish high school or to graduate from college than other girls of their age.Also,infants born to teenage mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight,which increases their chances of blindness,deafness,mental retardation,mental illness and cerebral palsy.

5.专家们指出，跟别的同龄女性相比，少年妈妈完不成中学或大学学业的可能性更大，而且由少年妈妈生产的婴儿多体重偏低，而体重偏低的婴儿更容易患失明、聋哑、精神发育不全、精神病和大脑性麻痹症。

6.Handset makers also have work to do.The 3G technologies have so many features;only a wonder gizmo could handle all of them,which is why none exists.The phones are not only supposed to work with 3G networks but also with the less sophisticated (but cheaper and more useful)General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology already being installed on the continent and also with the current mobile phone standard,Global System for Mobile(GSM).Phones for corporate executives are also supposed to adapt to dozens of other standards around the world.Doing all this requires powerful,custom-built computer chips,which are tough to make quickly.

6.手机制造商也有许多问题要解决。3G技术可以提供众多的功能，目前还没有一家公司能够生产出一个非凡的产品，能把所有功能都包括进去。这样的手机不但要适应3G的网络，还应能适应已经在欧洲大陆使用的相对简单、有效而便宜的GPRS技术以及现有的移动电话标准系统——GSM系统。供公司高级主管使用的手机还要能适应全球的其他数十个标准系统。满足这样的要求需要功能强大的、按要求定制的计算机芯片，这很难在短期内完成。

7.Acid rain,a form of air pollution,is currently a subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed.It forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids,which may then be carried long distances from their source before they are deposited by rain.The pollution may also take the form of snow or fog,or be precipitated in dry forms.

7.酸雨是一种空气污染，现在正引起激烈的争论，因为人们把广泛的环境破坏归咎于酸雨。酸雨是这样形成的：硫和氮的氧化物与空气中的水蒸气相结合产生硫酸和硝酸，硫酸和硝酸可以在空气中飘浮到距离产生地很远的地方，然后随雨水落下。污染物可能以雪或雾的形式，也可能以灰尘的形式落下。

8.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born,and the kind of people among whom he was born.

8.他出生在这一类人中间，他出生在这种地方，他有这样的母亲；这些要是让她知道了的话，他知道有多丢人。

9.The capacity for using a raw material depends on various factors,such as means of access,methods of extraction,and techniques of processing.

9.使用原料的规模大小取决于各种因素，例如：获取原料的手段、开采方法和加工技术。

10.But far from recovering,that country remained overwhelmed by corruption,a tottering bureaucracy,surging prices and natural disasters.

10.但是贪污腐败、摇摇欲坠的官僚制度、扶摇直上的物价，还有自然灾害，所有这一切都使该国焦头烂额，远没有恢复元气。

11.Though fond of many acquaintances,I desire intimacy only with a few.The man in black,whom I have often mentioned,is one whose friendship I could wish to acquire,because he possesses my esteem.

11.尽管我喜欢广交朋友，但我只愿与为数不多的几个人成为至交。我经常提及的那位黑衣男士，就是那样一个我希冀与其成为莫逆之交的人，因为他深得我的景仰。

12.Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels.The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.

12.梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为了拥有而去拥有，或通过与所有的邻居明争暗斗来拥有。他心目中的“高层次”，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。

13.In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons:to extend the family line or the family name,to propitiate the ancestors;to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family.Such reasons may seem thin in the modern,secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

13.在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似乎显得苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。

14.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweat.We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many,many long months of struggle and of suffering.You ask,what is our policy?I will say:It is to wage war by sea,land and air,with all our might and with all the strength God can give us;to wage war against a monstrous tyranny,never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.

14.我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验，将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。若问我们的政策是什么?我的回答是：在海上、陆上和空中作战。尽我们的全力，尽上帝赋予我们的全部力量去作战，与人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政作战。

15.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be;rather,they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance,maintaining pretence,and manipulating others.They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving,between being stupid and acting stupid,between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.

15.成功者不会毕生致力于这样一种概念：想象自己应该成为何种人。相反，他们即他们自己。因此，他们不会费神去装腔作势，故作姿态，摆布他人。他们明白：爱与假装爱，傻与假装傻，真正博学与假装博学之间是有区别的。

16.But,as has been true in many other cases,when they were at last married,the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical.Instead of having shared their original duties,and,as school-boys would say,going halves,they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.

16.但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任——正如那些学生们所说的“一半一半”，相反却发现生活的负担加倍了。

17.Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful,ground clearing way to start.Actually,it isn't,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.

17.动物有权利吗?问题通常就是这样提出的。这种提法听起来似乎有助于把问题讲清楚。事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的，而这种共识并不存在。

18.What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth?It has at least two deep and powerful sources.At the most primitive level,it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art.Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame.

18.为什么凡·高的神话会经久不衰?这至少有两个深刻且有说服力的原因。表面上看，凡·高神话是一则为艺术英勇牺牲的故事，但它满足的是人性，激起的是人人皆有的复仇幻想。任何一个感到被人冷落、遭人轻视的人，都能与凡·高心心相印，进而希望能像凡·高那样有朝一日被人肯定，让批评他的人、怀疑他的亲属无地自容。

19.For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism,the subjectivity versus objectivity,or critic-as-artist-or-scientist,debate has special significance;for her,the question is not only academic,but political as well,and her definition will court special risks whichever side of the issue it favors.

19.对于一个从事女权主义文学评论的女性来说，主观性还是客观性，或者说评论家应该做艺术家还是做科学家的争论有着特殊的重要性；对她来说，此问题不仅仅是学术上的，而且还是政治上的，并且她所给出的定义，不管有利于问题的哪一方面，都会招致特殊的风险。

20.Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs.Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

20.弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在创作《黛洛维夫人》时有关其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述，迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略，因为它突出反映了她诸多文学兴趣中的某一方面，而这一方面则与人们对“诗性”小说家所形成的传统见解大相径庭。所谓的“诗性”小说家，所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态，并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。